International Union of Speleology (UIS)

"Union Internationale de Spéléologie" (UIS) bụ nzukọ zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ isi na-akwalite na ịkwalite ọmụmụ sayensị na nyocha nke ọgba na njirimara karst. E hiwere UIS na 1965 iji kwalite mmekorita n'etiti ọgba na ndị na-eme nchọpụta karst n'akụkụ abụọ nke ákwà mgbochi Iron, wee ghọọ ọgbakọ sayensị siri ike nke nwere gburugburu mba ndị otu 60 na ọtụtụ ndị otu jikọtara ụwa niile. Edebanyela UIS na Slovenia kemgbe 2002 ma nwee isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na-adịgide adịgide na Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU na Postojna, Slovenia. Ọ na-ejikọta ndị nchọpụta na ndị na-enyocha ọgba, ya bụ ndị ọkà mmụta speleologists, sitere na ngalaba dị iche iche nke omume sayensị maka ọmụmụ ihe n'etiti na multidisciplinary.

Okirikiri Karst na-ekpuchi ihe dịka 20% nke elu ala kpọrọ nkụ ma na-atụnye ihe ruru 25% nke mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ n'ụwa. A na-achọta ọgba na nkume karst (ọtụtụ n'ime nkume limestones, evaporites) na basalt, yana na ice nke glaciers, na mpaghara ihu igwe niile, ya bụ n'ọtụtụ mba ụwa. Nchọgharị ha, akwụkwọ, na nchekwa ha dị mkpa zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Kemgbe 1953, otu mba ahọpụtara ahazila International Congresses of Speleology (ICS) kwa afọ anọ wee bipụta usoro ọtụtụ olu nke mmemme ndị a. Ihe omume ndị a na-akpọkọta ndị ọkà mmụta speleologists si n'akụkụ ụwa niile iji gbanwee ozi na ịmepụta kọntaktị. UIS na-edokwa ihe dị ka kọmishọna sayensị iri abụọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka geomorphology, katography, bayoloji, ma ọ bụ ihe ọmụma) ma na-eduzi ọrụ dị ogologo oge, dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ, nhazi nhazi, na digitization. Ọtụtụ n'ime kọmitii UIS na-ahazi oge ogbako ma ọ bụ ogbako mba ụwa na isiokwu akọwapụtara. UIS na-akwadokwa ọgbakọ sayensị mba ụwa na nke mba na nzukọ ndị ọzọ, dị ka International Karst School “Classical Karst”.

Na mgbakwunye na nyocha, nchekwa na nchekwa nke ọgba na gburugburu karst bụ isi ihe gbasara UIS. Iji mezuo nke a, UIS na-akwado UNESCO, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), International Show Caves Association (ISCA), International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) Karst Commission, International Geographic Union (IGU) Karst Commission, Bat Conservation International, na ndị ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, UIS na ndị kọmitii na-eguzosi ike n'ihe gbasara nha anya nwoke na nwanyị na sayensị (SCGES). Ejikọkwa UIS na otu mba (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ akwụkwọ sayensị, mahadum, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha) na ndị otu mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na isiokwu ndị yiri ya. UIS na-ejigide mmekọrịta chiri anya na òtù mba ụwa na mpaghara mpaghara ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka mpaghara mpaghara, dị ka European Speleological Federation, Eshia Union of Speleology, na Balkan Speleological Union.

UIS na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ International nke Speleology (Usoro Earth-Surface, Q2; Geology, Q2), akwụkwọ akụkọ UIS nke afọ abụọ, na Speleological Abstracts. Ugboro abụọ n'afọ, ọ na-enye obere onyinye maka ọrụ sayensị na ọgbakọ ndị dabeere na oku mba ụwa maka atụmatụ ma ọ bụ na-akwado ọrụ onye ọ bụla na arịrịọ nke otu n'ime ọrụ sayensị ya. Kwa afọ anọ, a na-enye ihe nrite na ICS maka mmezu nyocha pụtara ìhè, mbipụta na akwụkwọ mmado.

Na 2021/2022, UIS haziri International Year of Caves na Karst. N'okpuru ụkpụrụ "Chọgharịa - Ghọta - Chebe", ndị otu na ndị mmekọ sitere n'akụkụ ụwa niile gwara ọha na eze na ihe karịrị 1,200 ihe omume mmadụ gbasara mkpa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke karst na ọgba: dị ka ebe obibi gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka ihe mmiri ọṅụṅụ, dị ka ebe nke mmiri ọṅụṅụ. mmalite nke omenala mmadụ, yana dịka saịtị ihe ochie-paleontological.

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